[improvement](fe) Evaluate protobuf 4 with Arrow 19 (#61943)

### What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: None

Related PR: None

Problem Summary: Align FE-side protobuf and Arrow Java dependencies for
the protobuf 4 / Arrow 19 evaluation, add the required Gson exclusion
for protobuf 4 builders, and cover the behavior with a focused FE unit
test.

### Release note

None

run-regression-test.sh

@@ -249,6 +249,19 @@ fi
 
 # check java version
 export JAVA="${JAVA_HOME}/bin/java"
+JAVA_SPEC_VERSION="$("${JAVA}" -XshowSettings:properties -version 2>&1 \
+    | awk -F'= ' '/java.specification.version =/ {print $2; exit}')"
+JAVA_MAJOR_VERSION="${JAVA_SPEC_VERSION%%.*}"
+if [[ "${JAVA_SPEC_VERSION}" == 1.* ]]; then
+    JAVA_MAJOR_VERSION="${JAVA_SPEC_VERSION#1.}"
+    JAVA_MAJOR_VERSION="${JAVA_MAJOR_VERSION%%.*}"
+fi
+
+# Arrow Flight SQL JDBC needs java.nio opened when the regression framework runs on JDK 17+.
+if [[ -n "${JAVA_MAJOR_VERSION}" ]] && [[ "${JAVA_MAJOR_VERSION}" -ge 17 ]] \
+    && [[ " ${JAVA_OPTS:-} " != *"--add-opens=java.base/java.nio="* ]]; then
+    JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS:+${JAVA_OPTS} }--add-opens=java.base/java.nio=ALL-UNNAMED"
+fi
 
 REGRESSION_OPTIONS_PREFIX=''
 
@@ -304,7 +317,6 @@ fi
 
 echo "===== Run Regression Test ====="
 
-# if use jdk17, add java option "--add-opens=java.base/java.nio=ALL-UNNAMED"
 if [[ "${TEAMCITY}" -eq 1 ]]; then
     JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS} -DstdoutAppenderType=teamcity -Xmx2048m"
 fi